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Cell MembraneThe Cell Membrane is found is on the outside of the cell. The cell membrane controls a how easily materials can pass through the cell. Cell membranes are made mostly out of lipids and proteins. The cell membrane works with the whole cell by protecting its borders.
DesmosomesDesmosomes are found on the out side of the cell. Desmosomes can be found in both animal and plant cells. Desmosome's job is to hook two cells together. They work with both cells. They are made out of special protein call keratin.
CytoplasmMost of the organelles are held in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that is made out of cytosol. Cytoplasm is what gives the cell its shape and it also allows materials that pass between the organelles pass easier.
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Organelles found in cytoplasm
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RibosomesRibosomes are the most abundant organelle in the cell. They are one of the only organelles that don't have a membrane. Ribosomes are found either attached to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum or can remain free and be in the cytosol. Ribosomes are made of protein and RNA. Ribosomes make the protein needed within the cell. They work with the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Ribosomes consist of two parts: one large subunit and a small subunit.
MitochondriaMitochondria is found in the cytosol. Mitochondria is where the energy from organic compounds gets transferred to ATP, which is the energy needed by the rest of the cell. The outer membrane is the boundary between the cytosol and the mitochondria.. The inner membrane has many folds to increase surface area for chemical reactions to take place. The folds are known as Cristae. Mitochondria works with all of the organelles because it produces energy for them.
Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus is located in the cytoplasm near the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum. Golgi Apparatus appears as a stack of pancakes. The golgi Apparatus processes, packages, and stores substances made by the cell. The Golgi Apparatus works with the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
PeroxisomesPeroxisomes are small vesicles found in the cytoplasm. The job of the Peroxisomes is to break down toxins that are in the cell. They are known to break down fatty acids and alcohol. Peroxisomes work with lysosmes.
Rough Endoplasmic ReticulumThe Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) surrounds the out side of the nucleus. The Rough ER prepares protein for export and acts as a intracellular highway for molecules to get to one part of the cell to another. The Rough ER's protein is either exported out of the cell or inserted into the cell membrane. Ribosomes cover the outside of the Rough ER giving it the look of bumpy discs. The Rough ER works closely with the Golgi Apparatus and Ribosomes.
Smooth Endoplasmic ReticulumThe Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) surrounds the nucleus. It got its name "smooth" because there are not any ribosomes on the smooth ER. The smooth ER looks like a bunch of odd shape tubes. The smooth ER makes and stores steroids. The smooth ER also helps in the process of breaking down toxins. The Smooth ER works with the Rough ER.
CytoskeletonThe Cytoskeleton is a network of protein strands in the cytosol. The Cytoskeleton's job is to give the cell structural support. The cytoskeleton also helps with the movement of the organelles. It works with all of the organelles because it helps move them around. Like ribosomes, the cytoskeleton does not have an outer membrane. There are three types of cytoskeletons. Next we will focus on Microtubules and Microfilaments.
MicrotubulesMicrotubules are found in the cytosol and are the largest of the Cytoskeleton. Microtubules are hollow tubes that extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane. When the cell is ready to divide the microtubules come together to form spindle fibers, strands of microtubules, and extend across the cell. The spindle fibers then assist the movement of the chromosomes. When the cell division is over then the microtubules go back to supporting the cell. The microtubules work with the chromosomses.
MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments are long strands of protein. These strands of proteins are called actin. Microfilaments are found in the cytosol, and are the smallest of the cytoskeleton. Microfilaments help with muscle contractions and cell movement. They work with all of the organelles.
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